原标题：初中语法之曩昔完结时_曩昔完结时的结构用法
曩昔完结时，作文初中英语的必考时态之一，在英语学习中也占有着首要的位置，那么，曩昔完结时的结构是什么、详细该怎样用呢，下面就来详细了解一下。
曩昔完结时的界说
曩昔完结时①表明发作在曩昔的动作对曩昔晚些时分形成的影响或成果②曩昔某一动作一向继续到曩昔晚些时分将来或许还要连续。
一、根本结构：主语+had+曩昔分词
①必定句：主语+had+曩昔分词
②否定句：主语+had+not+曩昔分词
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+曩昔分词? 必定答复：Yes,主语+had. 否定答复： No,主 语+had not
④特别疑问句：特别疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+曩昔分词）？
曩昔完结时的根本用法
1）表明在曩昔某一时刻或动作曾经完结了的动作，也可以说曩昔的时刻关于曩昔的动作。即“曩昔的曩昔”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时刻状语从句来表明，也可以用一个表明曩昔的动作来表明，还或许经过上下文来表明。
例如：
By nine o’clock last night, we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨夜9点钟，咱们已收到200 张飞船发来的图片。
2）表明由曩昔的某一时刻开端，一向连续到曩昔另一时刻的动作或状况，常和for, since构成的时刻状语连用。
例如：
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
当车来的时分，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂作业。
3）一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时刻状语。与曩昔完结时连用的时刻状语有：
（ 1 ） by + 曩昔的时刻点。如：I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night
（ 2 ） by the end of + 曩昔的时刻点。如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
（ 3 ） before + 曩昔的时刻点。如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
曩昔完结时的常见考法
关于曩昔完结时的考察，多以单选、词语运用的方式考察学生在详细语境中灵活运用时态的 才能。在考试中，一般会让咱们判别是否该用曩昔完结时。
典型例题1：
We ____five English songs by the end of last term.
A had learned B learned C have learned D will have learned
解析：“到上学期停止，咱们已学了五首英文歌曲”，by+曩昔的时刻点，表明“曩昔的曩昔”，使用曩昔完结时。
答案：A
误区提示:
曩昔完结时表明“曩昔的曩昔”，是指曩昔某一动作之前现已发作或完结的动作，即动作有先后联系，动作在前的用曩昔完结时，在后的用一般曩昔时。这种用法常出现在状语从句和宾语从句中。
典型例题1：The meeting _____when Mr. Wang _____to school.
A has begun; get B has been on; get C had begun; got D had been on; got
解析：题干的意思是“当王先生抵达校园的时分，会议渐渐的开端了”。表达两个动作先后发作，“抵达”是曩昔的，用一般曩昔时，“会议渐渐的开端”在之前发作，“曩昔的曩昔”，用曩昔完结时，扫除 A和 B。而had been on表明会议应经进行了多长时刻，应和时刻段连用，所以扫除。
曩昔完结时①表明发作在曩昔的动作对曩昔晚些时分形成的影响或成果②曩昔某一动作一向继续到曩昔晚些时分将来或许还要连续。
用动词的恰当方式填空
1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in.
2. That rich old man _____________ (make) a will before he _____________ (die).
3. They _____________ (study) the map of the country before they ________ (leave).
4. The robbers _____________ (run away ) before the policemen_______ (arrive).
5. I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed.
6. Paul __________ (go) out with Jane after he __________ (make) a phone call.
7. Tom __________ (say) he ___________ (read) the book twice.
8. Our plan ____________ (fail ) because we _____________ (make) a bad mistake.
9. When the chairman ______________ (finish) speaking, he _____________ (leave)the hall.
10.The Reads __ ______ (have) lunch when I ________________(get) to their house.
11.When I ______________(arrive) at the station, he ____________________(leave).
12.We _______________(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.
13. I waited until he _______________(finish) his homework.
14. We were surprised at what she ________already ______(do)
15.She ____________(not go) to Qingdao because she ________________ (be) there before.
16. He ______________(not tell) you the news yet.
17. He said he _____________already_________(give) the book to the teacher.
18. I ______________(be) to Shanghai before.
19. She told me she _________________(be) to Sanya three times.
20.She _____________(play) the guitar while her sister_______________(sing).
参考答案：
1. had painted... moved 2. had made ... died 3. had studied…left4. had run away..arrived5. had turned off …went 6. went …had made 7. said …had read 8 failed …had made 9. (had) finished …left 10. were having/had had …got 11. arrived ..had left 12.. had learned 13. (had) finished 14. had ..done 15 didn't go …had been 16. hasn't told 17 had …given 18. have been 19. had been 20. was playing …was singing
单选
1 When Li Ming hurried home， he found that his mother ____already____to hospital.
A has； been sent B had； sent C has； sent D had； been sent
2 We ____five English songs by the end of last term.
A had learned B learned C have learned D will have learned
3 Han Mei told me she _____lunch， so she was very hungry.
A has had B hasn't have C have had D hadn't had
4 By the end of 1976， many buildings _____built in the city.
A have been B have C had been D will
5 She _____her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____home.
A has left； comes B had left； would come C had left； came D left； had come
6 He said that it was at least ten years since I _____a good drink.
A had enjoyed B was enjoying C have enjoyed D have been enjoying
7 The meeting _____when Mr. Wang _____to school.
A has begun；get B has been on；get C had begun；got D had been on；got
参考答案：
1D 2 A 3 D 4 C 5 C 6 A 7 C
填空
1 When I returned home， he _____ （leave）。
2 By ten yesterday evening， she ________（finish）writing.
3 He ______ （study） English for five years before he came here.
4 It ____ _____ （stop） raining when I wake up this morning.
5 I _____ （not read） the book because I had read it before.
6 She said she____ （be） born in 1992.
7 When he _____（come） to China two years ago he found people didn't understand him at all though he ________（learn） some Chinese in his own country.
8 I saw Han Mei yesterday. We _____（not see） each other since left Beijing.
9 When I got to his home， he_____（go） to bed.
10 She asked if Mr. Liu _____ already _____（come） back.
参考答案：
1 had left 2 had finished 3 had studied4 had stopped5 didn't read 6 was 7 came had learned8 hadn't seen 9 had gone 10 had come
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